Synaptic transmission is believed to produce which of the following potentials?

Synaptic transmission primarily affects cortical neurons, leading to the generation of cortical potentials. These potentials are the result of excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials that occur when neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. When sufficient excitatory input occurs, it can lead to depolarization and the generation of action potentials, which then contribute to cortical activity that can be measured physiologically.

Cortical potentials can be analyzed as various types of brain waves observed through EEG, and they are integral to understanding the brain's cortex function during different cognitive states and surgeries. This visibility of cortical potentials is essential in intraoperative monitoring to assess the functional status of the cortex in real time.

This understanding distinguishes cortical potentials from the other types mentioned, which involve different anatomical areas or physiological contexts—subcortical potentials being associated with deeper brain structures, Erb's point potential linked to cervical nerve roots, and the P100 potential being specifically an event-related potential associated with visual processing rather than general synaptic transmission.